Strings:
A
string is a sequence of characters terminated by a null character ‘\0’. The
null character indicates the end of the string. Each character that composes a
string is stored in an one-dimensional char type array in contiguous memory
locations. For example: The string “ Try Again “ is a collection of characters
‘T’, ‘R’, ‘Y’, ‘ ‘, ‘A’, ‘G’, ‘A’, ‘I’, ‘N’ and terminated by ‘\0’ (null
character). The termination character (‘\0’) is automatically inserted at the
end of the sting by the compiler. As strings is a one-dimensional array of
characters so the characters in the string “ TRY AGAIN” will be stored in
contiguous memory locations as shown below:
In
C, as each character requires 1 byte for its storage so the total memory used
for storing the string “ Try Again “ will be 10 (= 3 + 1 + 5 + 1) bytes.
The
strings are enclosed in double quotes (““) and may include letters, numbers,
escape sequences, blank space and some special characters. Some valid strings
are
“Good Morning”
“Welcome to the world of
Programming”
“A”
“1111111”
The
common operations performed on character strings include:
i.
Reading and writing strings.
ii.
Combining strings together
iii.
Copying one string to another.
iv.
Comparing two strings for equality.
v.
Extracting a portion of a string.
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